xanthoria parietina and other crustose lichens on a concrete pier wall near the black sea, odessa

lichen xanthoria parietina fungus ascomycota teloschistaceae odessa ukraine pier wall sea crustose nature environment organism biodiversity ecology symbiosis photobiont mycobiont thallus apothecium spore symbiont epiphyte bioindicator pollution maritime orange yellow shore golden shield foliose saxicolous epilithic chlorophyll monitor indicator species