the inland end of a cavernous cliff. rockface.

apennine bedrock boulder burrow calcareous cave cavern cavernous clay clayey clayish cliff cliffside crack crag craggy crust crustal den erode eroded erosion flora foliation foothills formation geologic geological geology grotto hole hollow indented jagged jaggy karstic lair layer limestone maquis mineral mineralogy mountain mountaineering nest plate ridge rock rockface rocky sarsen sedimentary spur stone tufa vegetation weathered weathering