the age of the caliphs, history map of the islamic caliphate 622 to 750

islamic caliphate caliph caliphs age islamic mohammad map history expansion empire muslim world muslim middle east islam prophet prophet umayyad rashidun umayyad rashidun arab arabia arabian patriarchal successor ummah realm medieval ages dynasty extent medina mecca kufa damascus harran byzantine levant country jerusalem historic border religion geography cartography vector