securities fraud is a type of white-collar crime that involves misleading investors or manipulating financial markets regarding

arranged comma fraud securities crime investors manipulation markets financial instruments bonds options deception regulations trading commissions reporting disclosure compliance audits penalties risk ethics litigation accountability transparency profits losses schemes misrepresentation enforcement trades brokers investment analysis violations charges assessments capital ownership valuations assets liabilities duediligence fraudsters trust governance practices misconduct laws principles type white-collar involves misleading manipulating like options