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queen hatshepsut mortuary temple [ad deyr al bahri, egypt, arab states, africa]
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![queen hatshepsut mortuary temple [ad deyr al bahri, egypt, arab states, africa]](https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/queen-hatshepsut-mortuary-temple-ad-deyr-al-bahri-egypt-arab-states-africa-situated-beneath-cliffs-deir-el-bahari-31315639.jpg "The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut is situated beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. Designed by the architect Senemut, the mortuary temple is dedicated to the sun god Amon-Ra and resides beside the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep, which served as an inspiration. It is considered one of the incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt. While Hatshepsut used Menuhotepââ¬â¢s temple as a model, the two structures are significantly different. Hatshepsut employed a lengthy colonnaded terrace that deviated from the centralized massing of Menuhotepââ¬â¢s model ââ¬â an anomaly that may be caused by the decentralised location of her burial chamber. There are three layered terraces reaching 97 feet tall. Each level is articulated by a double colonnade of square piers, with the exception of the northwest corner of the central terrace, which employs Proto Doric columns to house the chapel. These terraces are connected by long ramps which were once surrounded by gardens. The layering of Hatshepsutââ¬â¢s temple corresponds with the classical Theban form, employing Pylon, courts, hypostyle hall, sun court, chapel and sanctuary. The relief sculpture within Hatshepsutââ¬â¢s temple recites the tale of the divine birth of a female pharaoh - the first of its kind. The text and pictorial cycle also tell of an expedition to the Land of Punt, an exotic country on the Red Sea coast. While the statues and ornamentation have since been stolen or destroyed, the temple once was home to two statues of Osiris, a sphinx avenue as well as many sculptures of the Queen in different attitudes ââ¬â standing, sitting, or kneeling. Hatshepsutââ¬â¢s temple is considered the closest Egypt came to the Classical Architecture. It marks a turning point in the architecture of Ancient Egypt, which forsook the megalithic geometry of the Old Kingdom for a temple which allowed for active worship.")