photovoltaic effect diagram

electromagnetic photovoltaics physics structure resources electric generator innovative photovoltaic effect solar cells photons electrons semiconductor conversion electricity energy sunlight light absorption electronhole pairs pn junction panels renewable direct current voltage flow efficiency silicon monocrystalline polycrystalline thinfilm absorber layer excitation field charge separation radiation array power generation incident external circuit load resistance curve output maximum point gridtied systems offgrid net metering industry impact sustainability technology electrical alternative panel outdoors industrial environment roof innovation sun house sustainable system module cell future