parmelia sulcata is a foliose lichen in the family parmeliaceae tolerant of pollution, has cosmopolitan distribution

lichen genus parmelia foliose common lichens unicellular trebouxia green algal symbiont eukaryotes mushrooms ascomikota lecanoromycetes lecanor parmeliaceae white gray karelia trunk tree parasite symbiosis taiga tundra wood substrate overgrown hairy uneven texture forest moss lichenes symbiotic association fungi mycobiont microscopic algae cyanobacteria photobiont phycobiont thallus cells