$The formation of PanskÃ¡ skÃ¡la is connected with the collision of the continental African lithospheric plate with the European one, which led in the Mesozoic and Tertiary periods to Alpine folding and the reactivation of volcanism in this landscape due to the formation of new fractures in the crust. Through these fractures, magma could flow again to the surface. Around 30 million years ago, magma of a basalt composition was forced upwards in the area of PanskÃ¡ skÃ¡ly, which spilled over the chalky bedrock as a lava flow. The lava flow began to cool slowly, which began to form the typical cleavage that can be observed today.$

northern bohemia, panska skala, basalt organ

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wall rock terrain geology cliff formation northern bohemia panskÃ¡ skÃ¡la basalt organ connected collision continental african lithospheric plate european one mesozoic tertiary periods reactivation volcanism landscape crust magma surface million composition forced area skÃ¡ly spilled chalky bedrock lava began slowly tok zlom panska skala