nepenthes tropical pitcher plant

leaf plant green insect animal yellow nepenthes tropical pitcher cups plant nepenthes carnivorous pitcher-shaped leaves trap rainforest hanging pitcher lid prey capture digestive enzymes vine fluid insectivorous species habitat hybrids morphology size coloration nectar lid movement adaptation function anatomy protection evolution mechanics diversity ecology prey system life cycle care cultivation distribution conservation adaptations pollination reproduction growth natural mimicry mutualism coevolution taxonomy hybridization research