insulin resistance in diabetes

hyperinsulinemia glucose uptake glut4 transporters insulin receptor phosphorylation serine kinase tyrosine signaling pathway irs proteins pi3k akt mtor adipocytes lipotoxicity adiponectin leptin cytokines inflammation fatty acids triglycerides metabolic syndrome type diabetes oxidative stress endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial dysfunction betacell intolerance fasting hepatic steatosis skeletal muscle