inflation on white paper

white paper inflation background deflation hyperinflation stagflation disinflation core consumer price index producer cost-push demand-pull monetary policy fiscal interest rates money supply purchasing power stability wage-price spiral cost living real income nominal gross domestic product exchange commodity prices energy food housing market chain globalization trade deficit budget public debt central bank federal reserve quantitative easing targeting phillips curve goods basket rate economic indicators confidence costs labor unemployment demand controls expectations currency devaluation parity inflationary pressures