hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxins: oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and detoxification pathways

mycotoxin liver hepatotoxicity oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis fibrosis detoxification immune modulation hepatic metabolism disease progression aflatoxin fumonisin ochratoxin trichothecenes t-2 toxin zearalenone biomarker hepatocyte cytochrome p450 lipid peroxidation antioxidant defense mitochondrial dysfunction endoplasmic reticulum necrosis liver enzyme alt ast glutathione depletion kupffer cells cytokines tnf-alpha il-6 cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma bile acid nrf2 pathway autophagy gut-liver axis microbiota dysbiosis regeneration epigenetic modification transcriptomics proteomics