green circuit board with a black integrated circuit chip and various small electronic components

arrangement closeup engineering invention nanotechnology reliability semiconductor technology ball grid array bga package capacitors circuit components design circuitry computer hardware concept copper traces current flow data processing transfer density detailed digital device electronics element gadget internals integrated system microchip microelectronics microfabrication miniaturization mounting onboard chip pathways patterns pins printed board resistors silicon solder joints soldering surface mount test points textures wiring