genetic genealogy. pedigree chart s.

genetic genealogy pedigree chart symbols family tree history proband analysis method research biological relationships dna testing parents human genetics twins carrier medical nomenclature affected individual male female monozygotic dizygotic marriage consanguineous parent sign sister heritage diagram couple mother connection line genealogical symbol generation charts used visually represent track inheritance traits utilize specific convey information individuals squares males circles females lines connecting children aid understanding structure patterns enabling researchers analyze trace heritage