dry nepenthes rafflesiana in natural habitat.

carnivorous plants dry traps pitcher insects prey modified leaves adaptation evolution nepenthes genus drought digestion capture trap mechanism morphology arid conditions reduced fluid habitat predatory hairs environment non-aqueous tropical regions carnivory leaf structure nourishment unique prey lid sticky surface tendrils nutrient absorption climate survival strategy trapping attraction water conservation botanical features flypaper desert food source pitcher shape ecology liquid symbiotic relationships coloration insectivorous dry-adapted species