detailed close up of tundra lichens thriving on rocky terrain in the arctic region

tundra lichens rocky terrain arctic region close up detailed thriving flora microscopic cold climate environment ecosystem nordic plant life extreme conditions biodiversity hardy stone lichenology pioneering species lichenometry crustose foliaceous fruticose lichen spores symbiosis microhabitat adaptation permafrost flavocetraria nivalis cladonia rangiferina growth pattern change resilience geological substrate frost tolerance algal partner