crater in silver produced by laser ablation

ablation artificial assembly atomic beam chemistry color columns crater created crystals development economy edge education electron enhance force forest gold grown induced insight laboratory laser lasergrown laserinduced left light magnification metal metallic micro microcones microscope microspikes microstructures microtips nano nanostructures nickel organization oxide particles periodic physics plate probe produced property protrusion pulses regular research rippled roduced scan science self silicon small spike steel structure structures study surface tantalum technology tiny titanium treatment tungsten twirled ultrashort v2o5 vanadium view zoom