cordoba mosque-cathedral courtyard with orange trees, converted 10th-century minaret from umayyad origins to christian bell tower

cordoba mosquecathedral courtyard orange trees converted minaret umayyad monarchy southwestern spain europeas largest mosque moorish architecture alandalus legacy christian reconquest bell adaptation unesco roman temple foundation symmetrical cypress layered heritage labyrinthine columns mudejar influences irrigation system mediterranean sunshine artistry spanish renaissance paving orchard layout city tourism cultural polychrome arches centuriesold transformation religious old ancient worship altars andalusian marvel scenic vantage crosscultural tradition bright midday light historical hidden gem cradle civilizations historic sculpted decorative stucco multiarched design