common grass yellow butterflies (eurema hecabe) sucking water and nutrients from soil : (pix sanjiv shukla)

common grass yellow butterfly eurema hecabe family pieridae pierid seasonal polyphenism polymorphic lepidopteran caterpillars darker summer morph fairer small sulphur rich lemon white orange wings deep black antenna thorax abdomen forewings hindwings ultraviolet-reflecting scales eggs females colours host plants oviposition larva pupa green pierine parasitized spots pigments gardens agricultural pests mud-puddling insects brightly coloured fluttering flight four-stage life cycle camouflage mimicry predators pollination pollinators diurnal sexually dimorphic abrus precatorius falcataria moluccana tropical africa asia