clarification in water treatment: enhancing purity through advanced filtration and sedimentation

filtration sedimentation coagulation flocculation chlorination aeration oxidation disinfection precipitation purification softening desalination distillation clarifier membrane reverseosmosis ionexchange alkalinity turbidity contaminant sludge reagent alum polymer bioreactor neutralization retention flotation screening settling backwashing uvtreatment ozonation adsorption carbonation eutrophication microfiltration reclamation retrofitting effluent pretreatment posttreatment chemicaldosing permeate blending oxidizer chloramine clarification water treatment enhancing purity advanced techniques