a kawakawa viewed from the back, some of its leaves have been eaten by the kawakawa caterpillar

kawakawa caterpillar damage heart shaped leaf hole food damaged herbaceous shrub knobbly joints healing plant macropiper excelsum holes leaves green foliage zealand native stem vein veins understory rongoa rakau branching stems dark eaten herbal remedy myristicin antiinflammatory bush botany ecosystem balance environment heartshaped shape digested chewed chew marks evidence branch draped